I need this completed 02/04/21 by 5pm.
Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resources on your own before you bid. Main reference comes from Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. Grammar, Writing, and APA Format: I expect you to write professionally, which means APA format, complete sentences, proper paragraphs, and well-organized and well-documented presentation of ideas. Remember to use scholarly research from peer-reviewed articles that are current. Sources such as Wikipedia, Ask.com, PsychCentral, and similar sites are never acceptable. Please remember that resources used must be from peer-reviewed resources such as academic journals. Grammar, Writing, and APA Format: I expect you to write professionally, which means APA format, complete sentences, proper paragraphs, and well-organized and well-documented presentation of ideas. Please follow the example to get full credit for the assignment.
Assignment – Week 10
In the world of counseling, many clients come to their first session either (a) already taking psychopharmaceutical medications for specific disorders previously diagnosed by a psychiatrist or other prescriber, or (b) in need of a psych eval to determine the actual diagnosis and potential psychopharmaceutical options for stabilization. It can be a bit overwhelming when working with clients to know which responses are being influenced by the client’s presenting issues and which responses are being influenced by the medications they are on. Creating a medication reference guide is a learning tool that will provide you with a valuable information about the various medications—in a format that makes sense to you—so you are able to navigate psychopharmaceutical medications within the scope of counseling and integrative, collaborative behavioral healthcare.
The goal of this reference guide is for you to create a meaningful, easily accessible reference guide—and relevant project—that produces a tool you will be able to use in your internships as you progress toward licensure. While there is required information that you must find for each medication of the reference guide, feel free to let your learning styles shine through, and use your creative side to organize the information by adding color-coded sections, pictures, diagrams, charts, graphs, website resources, articles, videos, or other elements that you would refer to when a client presents with a specific medication or options for medications. This tool is meant to be a living document that you can add to on an ongoing basis, as you learn new information in the field.
Now that you have explored substance use disorders, add the medication information specific to the category of substance use disorders to your Psychopharmaceutical Reference Guide (PRG).
For the category of substance use disorders, the template lists eight medications that are prescribed in this category:
The template for the PRG lists the required information you will need to enter for each medication.
The template is located in the Week 1 Learning Resources.
By Day 7
Submit Part 2 of your Psychopharmaceutical Reference Guide. Now all the categories should be complete:
Part 1 (submitted in Week 6):
Part 2:
The template for the PRG lists the required information you will need to enter for each medication. For each category, the template identifies major classes within that category, when applicable. Under each class, you must include at least three commonly prescribed medications within that class. You can include more than three if you would like – remember this is supposed to be a tool you can continue to use as you progress toward licensure.
Required Resources
Document: Psychopharmaceutical Reference Guide Template (Word Document)
Psychopharmaceutical Reference Guide
Student Name Here
Walden University
Table of Contents
Exemplar 4
6
6
6
6
7
8
Medication 1 8
Medication 2 9
Medication 3 9
Class: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) 10
Medication 1 10
Medication 2 11
Medication 3 11
12
Medication 1 12
Medication 2 13
Medication 3 14
15
Medication 1 15
Medication 2 15
Medication 3 16
18
Medication 1 18
Medication 2 18
Medication 3 19
21
21
Medication 1 21
Medication 2 21
Medication 3 22
24
Medication 1 24
Medication 2 24
Medication 3 25
27
27
Medication 1 27
Medication 2 27
Medication 3 28
29
Medication 1 29
Medication 2 30
Medication 3 30
31
Medication 1 31
Medication 2 32
Medication 3 32
34
34
Medication 1 34
Medication 2 34
Medication 3 35
36
Medication 1 36
Medication 2 37
Medication 3 37
39
39
Medication 1 39
Medication 2 39
Medication 3 40
41
Medication 1 41
Medication 2 42
Medication 3 42
44
44
44
45
46
46
47
48
49
Exemplar
Sample Reference: Xanax
1. Brand Name of Medication
Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam
2. Generic Name of Medication
Alprazolam
3. Drug Class
Benzodiazepines
4. Manufacturer
Pfizer, Inc.
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Anxiety disorders, panic disorders, anxiety caused by depression
6. Contraindications
Narrow-angle glaucoma; if patient is also on itraconazole or ketoconazole; if allergic to Xanax or similar medications (Librium, Klonopin, Tranxene, Valium, Ativan, Serax)
7. Pregnancy
Do not use Xanax if pregnant
8. Potential for Dependency
Alprazolam may be habit-forming. Misuse of this medication could cause addiction, overdose or death.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not drink alcohol while taking Xanax
· Do not take opioid medications while taking Xanax – unless under medical supervision
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face/lips/tongue/ throat
11. Common Side Effects
Common side effects of Xanax include: ataxia, cognitive dysfunction, constipation, difficulty in micturition, drowsiness, dysarthria, fatigue, memory impairment, skin rash, weight gain, weight loss, anxiety, blurred vision, diarrhea, insomnia, decreased libido, increased appetite, slurred speech, and decreased appetite. Other side effects include: hypotension, sexual disorder, muscle twitching, and increased libido.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
· Depressed mood, thoughts of suicide or hurting self
· Racing thoughts, increased energy, unusual risk-taking behavior
· Confusion, agitation, hostility, hallucinations
· Uncontrolled muscle movements, tremor, seizure, convulsions
· Pounding heartbeats or fluttering in chest
13. Dose Range
· Treatment for patients with anxiety should be initiated with a dose of 0.25 to 0.5 mg given three times daily. The dose may be increased to achieve a maximum therapeutic effect, at intervals of 3 to 4 days, to a maximum daily dose of 4 mg, given in divided doses.
· The successful treatment of many panic disorder patients has required the use of XANAX at doses greater than 4 mg daily. In controlled trials conducted to establish the efficacy of XANAX in panic disorder, doses in the range of 1 to 10 mg daily were used. The mean dosage employed was approximately 5 to 6 mg daily.
· Treatment may be initiated with a dose of 0.5 mg three times daily. Depending on the response, the dose may be increased at intervals of 3 to 4 days in increments of no more than 1 mg per day. Slower titration to the dose levels greater than 4 mg/day may be advisable to allow full expression of the pharmacodynamic effect of XANAX.
· For patients receiving doses greater than 4 mg/day, periodic reassessment and consideration of dosage reduction is advised.
14. Types of Administration
Oral: 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets
15. Pharmacodynamics
Clinically, all benzodiazepines cause a dose-related central nervous system depressant activity varying from mild impairment of task performance to hypnosis.
it may enhance the activity of GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in the brain. This produces a hypnosis (a trancelike state)
16. Half-Life
A mean half-life of alprazolam of 16.3 hours has been observed in healthy elderly subjects (range: 9.0–26.9 hours, n=16) compared to 11.0 hours (range: 6.3–15.8 hours, n=16) in healthy adult subjects. In patients with alcoholic liver disease the half-life of alprazolam ranged between 5.8 and 65.3 hours (mean: 19.7 hours, n=17) as compared to between 6.3 and 26.9 hours (mean=11.4 hours, n=17) in healthy subjects. In an obese group of subjects, the half-life of alprazolam ranged between 9.9 and 40.4 hours (mean=21.8 hours, n=12) as compared to between 6.3 and 15.8 hours (mean=10.6 hours, n=12) in healthy subjects.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Alprazolam concentrations may be reduced by up to 50% in smokers compared to non-smokers.
18. Other Notes
Put your special notes here. For example, Xanax is often prescribed PRN (take as needed).
19. Source
https://www.drugs.com/xanax.html
Category: Antidepressants
Class: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Class: Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Class: Atypical Agents
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Category: Mood Stabilizers
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Category: Anticonvulsants (nonbenzodiazepines)
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Category: Anxiolytics
Class: Benzodiazepines
Do not include Xanax as one of the benzodiazepines
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Class: Buspirone and others
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Category: Antipsychotics
Class: Antipsychotics – FGA
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Class: Antipsychotics – SGA
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Class: Atypical antipsychotics
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Category: Sleep Aids
Class: Sedative hypnotics
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Class: Z-hypnotics
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Category: ADHD Medications
Class: Stimulants
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Class: Non-stimulants
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Category: SUD Medications
Buprenorphine
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Naltrexone
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Naloxone
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Methadone
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Buproprion
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Acomprosate
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Topiramate
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Disulfiram
1. Brand Name of Medication
2. Generic Name of Medication
3. Drug Class
4. Manufacturer
5. Indicated Diagnoses
6. Contraindications
7. Pregnancy
8. Potential for Dependency
9. Precautions of Use
10. Allergic Reaction
11. Common Side Effects
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
13. Dose Range
14. Types of Administration
15. Pharmacodynamics
16. Half-Life
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
18. Other Notes
19. Source
Psychopharmaceutical Reference Guide
Student
Walden University
Table of Contents
3
3
3
4
5
6
Medication 1 6
Class: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) 7
Medication 1 7
8
Medication 1 8
Medication 2 9
Medication 3 10
12
Medication 1 12
Medication 2 12
Medication 3 13
15
15
Medication 1 15
Medication 2 16
Medication 3 17
Category: Antidepressants
Class: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
1. Brand Name of Medication
CELEXA
2. Generic Name of Medication
CITALOPRAM
3. Drug Class
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
4. Manufacturer
ALLERGAN
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Patients diagnosed with depression close to DSM-III and DSM-III-R category for major depressive disorder.
6. Contraindications
Those taking ECT treatment, allergic to citalopram, have heart problem, those with eye condition known as glaucoma and those have used an MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days.
7. Pregnancy
Those already or trying to become pregnant should not use Citalopram.
8. Potential for Dependency
Dose-dependent QT prolongation and sudden death.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not stop its use abruptly.
· Abnormal bleeding may occur when used with other drugs such as NSAIDs, aspirin.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives, rashes, swelling of lips and throats and breathing problems.
11. Common Side Effects
Sweating a lot, dry mouth, sleeping problem and tiredness.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Seek medical attention when following signs show up:
· Constant headaches, repeated muscle cramps and unending confusion.
· Suicidal thoughts.
· Experience painful erection that last about 4 hours.
· Chest Pain and shortness of breath.
13. Dose Range
· It is in the doses that ranges from 10mg to 40mg.
· Normal dose for adult is 20mg but can be started at lower dose and increased gradually.
· 20mg is recommended dose which is increased depending on how condition responds to treatment.
· For children, recommended dose is 10mg per day but may be increased gradually to 40mg per day.
· Adult over 65 years or those with liver problems, recommended dose is 20mg per day.
14. Types of Administration
Tablets: 10mg, 20mg and 40mg and oral solution:10mg/5ml.
15. Pharmacodynamics
SSRIs inhibit central nervous system neuronal re-uptake of serotonin. This increases concentration of serotonin at the synapse which facilitates transmission of serotonergic neuronal. It is clinically argued that deficiency of serotonin is pivotal to depression. Therefore, when serotonin is increased, it is clinically believed to improve signs of depression.
16. Half-Life
With administration of a dose range of 10-60mg/day, a mean-half-life of 35 hours are projected. Further, steady state of plasma concentration is attained in about 7 days assuming a dose is administered once daily.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Alcohol taking is not recommended to patients that are on Citalopram because mixing the two may lead to overdose.
18. Source
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/020822s047lbl
https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5152/pil#gref
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1701/citalopram-oral/details
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
Lexapro
2. Generic Name of Medication
Escitalopram
3. Drug Class
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
4. Manufacturer
ALLERGAN
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Major depressive for adolescent and adults aged 12-17 years, Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the adults.
6. Contraindications
Serotonin Syndrome and MAOIs, do not use Pimozide and known hypersensitivity to escitalopram or citalopram
7. Pregnancy
Can harm unborn babies. Should be used only when clearly needed and under monitoring of healthcare provider.
8. Potential for Dependency
Lexapro can be abused by those take to control depression and anxiety but is not addictive drug.
9. Precautions of Use
· Tell doctor if allergic to Lexapro or citalopram/.
· Share your medical history with healthcare provider before using medication.
· Never drive or operate heavy machines when under medication until when sure you can undertake such activities safely.
10. Allergic Reaction
Rare allergic reaction but when occur following symptoms are noticed: rashes, itching, trouble breathing, swelling on face/ tongue/ throat and dizziness.
11. Common Side Effects
Nausea, dry mouth, increased sweating, constipation, dizziness and trouble sleeping.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
· Decreased sex interest.
· Easy bruising.
· Changes in sex ability.
· Tarry stools.
· Irregular heartbeat.
· Seizures.
13. Dose Range
· 10mg-30mg/day.
· Daily dosage may be increased gradually to 20mg.
· Gradual dose reduction is recommend to discontinue clients from medication.
· No additional benefit gained by administering dosage higher than recommended amount.
14. Types of Administration
Tablets: 5mg, 10mg and 20mg.
Oral solution: 1mg per ml.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Escitalopram is in a class of antidepressants called SSRIs works by increasing of serotonin, natural substance in the brain that helps to maintain mental balance and reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, escitalopram is linked to potentiation of serotonergic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from its inhibition of CNS neuronal reuptake of serotonin (5-HT).
16. Half-Life
Mean terminal life is 27-32 hours. Administering once-daily dosage, steady plasma concentration is attained after one week.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Medication interacts with alcohol hence consumption of alcohol is not recommended to the patients under medication.
18. Source
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021323s047lbl
https://www.medicinenet.com/escitalopram-oral/article.htm
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a603005.html
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
Prozac
2. Generic Name of Medication
Fluoxetine
3. Drug Class
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
4. Manufacturer
Orion Pharmaceuticals
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Major depressive disorder(MDD), obsessive compulsive disorder(OCD), panic disorder(PD), bulimia Nervosa(BV) and treatment resistant depression (depression has not improved with at least 2 other treatments).
6. Contraindications
Allergic to fluoxetine hydrochloride or any of the ingredients in fluoxetine, if taking Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) or stopped taking MAOI in last 14 days.
7. Pregnancy
· Small risks of Fluoxetine (Prozac) on pregnancy and breastfeeding mothers.
8. Potential for Dependency
Misuse of this drug can lead to addiction.
9. Precautions of Use
Fluoxetine can make one sleepy or interfere with decision making ability. Therefore, driving or operating machines should be avoided when under medication.
10. Allergic Reaction
Serotonin Syndrome, sweating, trouble breathing, hives, swelling face/tongue/ throat/ lips.
11. Common Side Effects
Unusual dreams, sexual problems, loss of appetite, fatigue, sweating, change in sleeping habits, nervous, hot rashes and vomiting.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
High fever, rapid changes in heartbeat, stiff muscles and loss of consciousness.
13. Dose Range
· Capsules dosage: 10mg, 20mg and 40mg.
· Tablets dosage: 10mg, 20mg and 60mg.
· Oral solution: 10mg/5ml.
· Initial dosage should 20-60mg/day for MDD, 20-60mg for anxiety disorder and 10-60mg/day for PD.
14. Types of Administration
Capsules, tablets and liquid. It taken with or without food in the morning or twice a day (morning and noon).
15. Pharmacodynamics
Prozac is antidepressant drug in the class of SSRISs which works by blocking reabsorption of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, in the brain. This makes Serotonin available improving transmission of messages between neurons. Enough serotonin enhances a feeling of well-being attributable to improved communication between brain cells. This reduces anxiety and depressive symptoms and causes an individual feel relaxed, less anxious, improved sleep and appetite, improved focus and greater interest.
16. Half-Life
2-4 days
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Clients are recommended not to take alcohol while they under medication.
18. Source
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/202133s000MedG
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a689006.html
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/prozac-sarafem-fluoxetine-342955
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/fluoxetine-prozac/
Class: Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
Pristiq
2. Generic Name of Medication
Desvenlafaxine
3. Drug Class
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
4. Manufacturer
Pfizer, Inc.
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Irritability, Sadness, Nerve Pain and anxiety disorders.
6. Contraindications
Allergic to ingredients in Pristiq such as desvenlafaxine succinate; discontinued taking MAOI in past 14 days or still taking it and lastly, being treated using antibiotic linezolid.
7. Pregnancy
Those expectants should talk to healthcare provider and get to register with National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants.
8. Potential for Dependency
Powerful drug that causes addiction when it is misused.
9. Precautions of Use
Do not drive or operate heavy machines and also should avoid taking alcohol.
10. Allergic Reaction
Difficulty in breathing, skin rashes, swelling on throat, tongue, face or lips.
11. Common Side Effects
Headache, sweating, nausea, anxiety, dizziness, dry mouth, sexual functional problems, loss of appetite and constipation.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Increased blood pressure, gastrointestinal bleeding, suicidal thoughts, eye pain or changes in eye vision and unusual bleeding.
13. Dose Range
Recommended dose is 50mg that should be taken daily. Administering higher dose worsens situation rather than improving.
14. Types of Administration
Oral tablets: 50mg per dose.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Clinically, SNRI increases absorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain hence improving the mood of client which results to reduction of anxiety and depression. Normally, Pristiq inhibits reuptake of serotonin and epinephrine after they are released by the nerves. Reduction uptake of serotonin and epinephrine increases working of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain hence reducing depression.
16. Half-Life
11 hours. This means, once an individual takes 50mgs of Pristiq, 50% is expected to in the system after 11 hours and pattern of ingesting will continue and by the end of 7days, no traces of drugs can be traced in the system.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Alcohol should not be used while one is taking Pristiq medication. Alcohol causes drowsiness and when combined with Pristiq, interaction increases drowsiness and could lead to coma or even death.
18. Source
http://labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=497§ion=MedGuide
https://www.medicinenet.com/desvenlafaxine_pristiq/article.htm#what_is_desvenlafaxine_pristiq_and_how_does_it_work_mechanism_of_action
https://www.pfizerpro.com/product/pristiq/mdd/dosing-and-administration
https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/pristiq-addiction/how-long-stay-in-system/
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
Asendin
2. Generic Name of Medication
Amoxapine
3. Drug Class
Dibenzoxazepine
4. Manufacturer
Wyeth Ayerst Inc. and Lederle Cyanamid Inc.
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Depressed mood, loss of weight, tiredness, and guilt, agitation and concentration problems.
6. Contraindications
Suicidal thoughts, manic-depression, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and increased pressure.
7. Pregnancy
Pregnant and those planning to be expectant should communicate to healthcare provider for direction.
8. Potential for Dependency
Abuse may lead to addiction.
9. Precautions of Use
Unexpected mental health may change, allergic client should tell doctor, and client with preexisting heart conditions issues and those that have undergone ECT should inform healthcare provider before Amoxapine is administered to them.
10. Allergic Reaction
Difficulty in breathing, skin rashes, swelling on throat, tongue, face or lips.
11. Common Side Effects
Drowsiness, anxiety, blurred vision, nausea, headache and sweating.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Sedation, dry mouth and constipation.
13. Dose Range
Take 50mgs two or three times per day for the adults. Dosage may be increased based on the Doctor recommendation but should not be more than 300mgs per day. Older people are recommended to start with 25mgs which should be administered two or three times per day. In nutshell, effective dosage should be 200-300mgs daily.
14. Types of Administration
Oral tablets.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Amoxapine is Tricyclic antidepressant of dibenzoxazepine class. It contains a mild sedative component. Clinically, actions of Amoxapine is not well understood. However, in animals, Amoxapine reduces uptake of nor-epinephirine and serotonin improving signs of depression.
16. Half-Life
8 hours
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Alcohol should be avoided but instead should be taken with food because food reduces irritation.
18. Source
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00543
https://www.rxlist.com/amoxapine-drug.htm#description
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682202.html
Category: Mood Stabilizers
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
lithobid, Eskalith, Lithonate, Lithotabs, Eskalith-CR
2. Generic Name of Medication
Lithium
3. Drug Class
Bipolar Disorder Agents
4. Manufacturer
Apotex Corp
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Hyperactivity, rushed speech, poor judgment, reduced need for sleep, aggression, and anger (bipolar disorder) and mania.
6. Contraindications
Allergic to lithium, an individual with serotonin syndrome, high amount of calcium in the blood and low sodium level in the blood, pregnancy, breast feeding mothers, decreased kidney function, significant loss of water and organic mental disorder.
7. Pregnancy
Potential harm to unborn baby.
8. Potential for Dependency
Lithium toxicity reduces abuse and client dependency on the drug. Long-term use of drug can reduce life span by 10 years or cause chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis,
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not use lithium when expectant.
· Do not crush, chew or break lithium tablet.
· Do not use if allergic to medication.
· Taking overdose cause lithium toxicity which can lead to death.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
11. Common Side Effects
Drowsiness, trouble in walking, urination, increased thirst, loss of appetite and blurred vision.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Sign of lithium toxicity which include: muscle weakness, twitching, drowsiness, feeling light-headed, mood changes, blurred vision, ringing in your ears, irregular heartbeats, confusion, slurred speech, clumsiness, trouble breathing, or seizures.
Others sign that need medical attention: symptoms of serotonin syndrome, increased pressure inside skull, thyroid problems and dehydration symptoms.
13. Dose Range
Recommended dosage:
· 1800mg/day for acute control.
· 900-1200mg/day for long-term control.
14. Types of Administration
Tablet, capsule and liquid administered 600mg 3 times per day for acute control and 600mg 2 times per day for the long-term control.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Clinical finding have not explicitly explained how lithium works. It is believed that lithium increases activity of chemical messenger in the brain. This prevent bipolar disorder by helping BD patients to have control over their emotions. Further, it makes manic less severe and rare.
16. Half-Life
24-36 hours
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Caffeine, tobacco and alcohol are not recommended to be used with lithium.
18. Source
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00377/full
https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-5887-795/lithium-carbonate-oral/lithium-controlled-release-oral/details/list-contraindications
https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-1065/lithium
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/lithium-oral-route/before-using/drg-20064603
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
Seroquel
2. Generic Name of Medication
quetiapine fumarate
3. Drug Class
atypical antipsychotics.
4. Manufacturer
AstraZeneca
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder
6. Contraindications
Hypersensitivity
7. Pregnancy
No risk to pregnancy but is not recommended for breast feeding mothers.
8. Potential for Dependency
No significant evidence that demonstrates habit forming nature of the drug or its misuse.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not drive or operate machinery.
· Do not take alcohol.
· Not approved for children less than 10 years.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face/lips/tongue/ throat
11. Common Side Effects
Dry mouth, dizziness, abdominal pain, weakness, sore throat, weight gain and rapid heartbeat.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Suicidal thoughts, high blood sugar, high fat levels in the blood, worse anxiety, insomnia, restless and worse irritability.
13. Dose Range
Schizophrenia:
· Day 1:50mg and increased 25-50mg every 8-12 hours to 300-400mg per day. Dosage range is 150-750mg/day.
Mania:
· Day 1-100mg, Day 2-200mg, day 3-300mg and day 4-400mg that is divided 12 hours.
· Dosage is increased and range of 400-800mg/day is maintained.
Major depressive disorder: 150-300 mg/day
14. Types of Administration
Tablets:25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 200mg, 300mg and 400mg.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Quetiapine works in the brain where it affects neurotransmitters, in particular Serotonin (5HT) and dopamine. Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters known to be involved in regulating mood, behaviour, thinking and perception. Quetiapine works by blocking the receptors in the brain that dopamine acts on. This prevents the excessive activity of dopamine and helps to control symptoms of schizophrenia and manic depression.
16. Half-Life
6 hours.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Alcohol should not be consumed by clients taking medication.
18. Source
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020639s055MG
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/seroquel-xr-quetiapine-342984
https://www.rxlist.com/seroquel-drug.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819904/
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
Lamictal
2. Generic Name of Medication
Lamotrigine
3. Drug Class
phenyltriazine class,
4. Manufacturer
GlaxoSmithKline
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Bipolar depression, partial seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, mania and mood swings.
6. Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to o lamotrigine or its ingredients, if using Valproic acid and drug interferes with urine drug screen.
7. Pregnancy
Medication is pregnancy risk.
8. Potential for Dependency
Lamotrigine is habit forming. It is subject to abuse by the individuals that after releasing stress.
9. Precautions of Use
· Inform doctor if allergic to Lamotrigine.
· Inform doctor if using hormonal medications.
· Inform doctor if you had suffered from an autoimmune disease.
· Mental health may change unexpectedly such as suicidal thoughts.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face/lips/tongue/ throat
11. Common Side Effects
Fever, dizziness, blurred vision, headache, nausea, skin rashes, vomiting, tremor, back pain, tiredness, dry mouth and insomnia.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Serious rashes, seizures that happens more often and unusual bleeding.
13. Dose Range
· Initial dose is 25mg which is increased gradually to range of 100-400mg/day for bipolar disorder.
· Epilepsy, adults and children above 12 years, dose range 100-700mg/day.
14. Types of Administration
Tablets-25mg(white), 100mg(peach), 150mg(cream) and 200mg(blue); chewable dispersible tablet -2mg(white), 5mg(white), 25 mg(white ); and orally disintegrating table- 25 mg (white to off-white), 50 mg (white to off-white), 100 mg (white to off-white), or 200 mg (white to off-white).
15. Pharmacodynamics
Lamotrigine selectively binds sodium channels, stabilizing presynaptic neuronal membranes and inhibiting glutamate release. Lamotrigine stabilizes mood swings by lifting depression instead of suppressing mania. Lamotrigine delays the time between mood changes and manic or depressive states in people with bipolar disorder by decreasing the intensity of irregular electrical activity in the brain. Its antidepressant properties helps it to achieve and sustain moods over time.
16. Half-Life
29 hours.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Using alcohol and cigarettes when under medication is not recommended because of interaction property that inhibits operational efficiency.
18. Source
https://www.rxlist.com/lamictal-drug.htm#description
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a695007.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470442/
Category: Anticonvulsants (nonbenzodiazepines)
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
Ambien
2. Generic Name of Medication
ZOLPIDEM
3. Drug Class
Nonbenzodiazepine
4. Manufacturer
Hikma Pharmaceuticals
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Troubled sleeping, Insomnia.
6. Contraindications
If allergic to anything in the medication,
7. Pregnancy
Not right medication when pregnant or breast feeding.
8. Potential for Dependency
· No significance evidence for habit forming.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not drive or engage in dangerous activity that demand attention.
· Do not take alcohol when under medication.
· Do not take medication when under other sleepy drugs.
· Take when you can stay in bed 7-8 hours.
10. Allergic Reaction
Symptoms are swelling of the tongue or throat, trouble breathing, and nausea and vomiting.
11. Common Side Effects
Drowsiness, dizziness, diarrhea and drugged feelings.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Memory loss, abnormal thoughts and behavior and severe allergic reaction symptoms.
13. Dose Range
6.25 -12.5 mg is the recommended dose. Overdose could be poisonous.
14. Types of Administration
Tablets: 6.25mg or 12.5mg which should be swallowed whole.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Zolpidem is a hypnotic agent with a chemical structure they bind selectively to the α1 subunit of the GABAA receptor, leading to sedation that creates calming effects causing one to sleep to about 7-8 hours.
16. Half-Life
2.5-3 hours.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Do not take medication when taking alcohol.
18. Source
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/Zolpidem
https://www.rxlist.com/ambien-cr-drug.htm#clinpharm
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
Sonata
2. Generic Name of Medication
Zaleplon
3. Drug Class
Nonbenzodiazepine
4. Manufacturer
Pfizer Inc.
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Insomnia
6. Contraindications
Allergic to Zaleplon, sleep apnea, decreased lung function and complex sleep behaviors.
7. Pregnancy
It is not recommended to expectant clients.
8. Potential for Dependency
Medication may be habit forming. Misuse can cause to addiction, coma or death.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not drive when under medication.
· Do not take for more than 5 weeks.
· Avoid taking medication during normal activities.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives; difficult breathing; nausea and vomiting; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
11. Common Side Effects
Feeling light-headed, dizziness, numbness and coordination problems.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Abnormal thoughts and behavior, memory loss, anxiety and severe allergic reactions.
13. Dose Range
5mg-10mg.
14. Types of Administration
Capsules taken before bed time.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Sonata (zaleplon) is a hypnotic agent which interacts with GABA-BZ receptor complex. Subunit modulation of the GABA-BZ receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex is responsible for some of the pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines, which include sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsive effects.
16. Half-Life
1 hour
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Do not drink alcohol. Could lead to dangerous side effects or even death.
18. Source
https://www.rxlist.com/sonata-drug/patient-images-side-effects.htm#info
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/020859s015lbl
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
Lunesta
2. Generic Name of Medication
Eszopiclone
3. Drug Class
sedative-hypnotics.
4. Manufacturer
AUROBINDO PHARMA LTD and SUNOVION PHARMS INC
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Troubled sleeping/ Insomnia.
6. Contraindications
Allergic to eszopiclone, if ever taken sleep medication, complex sleep behaviors, severe liver disease, alcohol intoxication and suicidal thoughts.
7. Pregnancy
No significant risk assigned.
8. Potential for Dependency
Eszopiclone may be habit-forming. Misuse can cause addiction, overdose, or death.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not drive while under medication.
· Do not use medication when allergic.
· Do not use medication during normal working hours.
· When situations worsens, call doctor.
· Do not take alcohol.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives; nausea, vomiting; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
11. Common Side Effects
Dry mouth, anxiety, unusual taste in mouth, rash and flu symptoms-fever, runny nose and body aches.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Memory loss, anxiety, extreme sleepiness during day, doing activity when not fully awake, complex sleep behavior and severe allergic reaction.
13. Dose Range
Initially start with 1mg which can be increased gradually to 3mg.
14. Types of Administration
Tablets taken by mouth.
15. Pharmacodynamics
It works by slowing activity in the brain to allow sleep. Ideally, eszopiclone interacts with GABA-receptor complexes at binding domains located close to it leading to sedation.
16. Half-Life
1 hour
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Avoid drinking alcohol. Dangerous side effects or death could occur. Vitamins and herbal products can affect working of medication.
18. Source
https://www.rxlist.com/lunesta-drug/patient-images-side-effects.htm#missdose
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a605009.html
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/nonbenzodiazepines
Category: Anxiolytics
Class: Benzodiazepines
Medication 1
1. Brand Name of Medication
Librium
2. Generic Name of Medication
Chlordiazepoxide
3. Drug Class
Benzodiazepines
4. Manufacturer
Legacy Pharmaceuticals
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Anxiety disorder, agitation, fear and acute alcohol withdrawal.
6. Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the drug, Allergy to Librium, Xanax, Klonopin, diazepam and other medication should be reported to doctor and narrow-angle glaucoma.
7. Pregnancy
Increased risk of congenital malformations hence use of medication should be avoided.
8. Potential for Dependency
Habit forming ability. Addiction prone-individuals should under careful monitoring to avoid habituation and dependence on the medication.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not take alcohol and tobacco.
· Do not operate machines or drive.
· Dosage to elderly should be limited to smallest effective dosage <10mg /day.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat
11. Common Side Effects
Drowsiness, ataxia, confusion, vomiting, swelling, nausea, skin rash, constipation, blurred vision, tiredness, headache and dizziness.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Blood dyscrasias, trouble urinating, depression, hyperactivity, and trouble walking, jaundice and changes in the sex drive.
13. Dose Range
5-10mg. Initial dose is 5mg that is 2 to 4 times daily. When increased to 10mg that is administered 2 to 3 times.
14. Types of Administration
Capsules: 5mg, 10mg and 25mg.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Librium contains antianxiety, sedative, appetite-stimulating and weak analgesic actions. Drugs works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The drug blocks EEG arousal from stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation hence decreasing abnormal excitability.
16. Half-Life
24-48 hours.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Concomitant use of alcohol or other CNS depressants can have addictive effect and could also reduce efficiency of the medication.
18. Source
https://www.rxlist.com/librium-drug.htm#description
https://www.drugs.com/sfx/librium-side-effects.html
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682078.html
Medication 2
1. Brand Name of Medication
Klonopin
2. Generic Name of Medication
Clonazepam
3. Drug Class
Benzodiazepines
4. Manufacturer
Roche
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Panic disorder, seizures disorders and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
6. Contraindications
If patient is allergic to Clonazepam, sleeping medications such as Ambien, acute narrow angle glaucoma and significant liver disease.
7. Pregnancy
Malformations may be experienced such as limb defects and cleft palate
8. Potential for Dependency
Clonazepam may be habit forming medication. Case of abuse and addiction is inevitable.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not take opioid medication because would result to profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma and even death when under medication of Klonopin.
· Doses should be limited to minimum required.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat
11. Common Side Effects
Drowsiness, dizziness, loss of coordination, fatigues and increased saliva production.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Suicidal thoughts, mood problems, unusual eye movements, shallow breathing and worsening seizures.
13. Dose Range
· Seizures disorders; 1.5mg/day into in 3 doses. Dose can be increased by 0.5-1mg until seizures are adequately controlled. Maximum dose is 20mg/day.
· Panic disorders: Initial dose is 0.25mg/day which is gradually increased to 4mg/day.
14. Types of Administration
Available as tablet which should be swallowed with water as a whole.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Clonazepam enhances activity of GABA, major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Benzodiazepine receptor associated GABA(a) receptors exist both peripherally and in the CNS, which enhances various effects like sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and anxiolytic action. Further, with neuro-inhibitory activity of GABA, clonazepam facilitate in decreasing any excessive electrical nerve activity in the CNS that might be contributing to seizures.
16. Half-Life
30-40 hours.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Alcohol, narcotics, barbiturates, nonbarbiturate hypnotics, antianxiety agents potentiates CNS-depressant action of clonazepam.
18. Source
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/017533s059lbl
https://www.rxlist.com/klonopin-drug.htm#precautions
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01068
Medication 3
1. Brand Name of Medication
Valium
2. Generic Name of Medication
Diazepam
3. Drug Class
Benzodiazepines
4. Manufacturer
Pfizer Inc.
5. Indicated Diagnoses
Anxiety, alcohol withdrawals , seizures, muscle spasms,
6. Contraindications
If patient is allergic to diazepam or similar drugs (Klonopin, Xanax), patient has severe liver disease, breathing problem, sleeping apnea, glaucoma, asthma, suicidal thoughts and epilepsy.
7. Pregnancy
Can harm unborn baby and if to use, seek medical guidance.
8. Potential for Dependency
Medication can be habit forming.
9. Precautions of Use
· Do not take more than recommended dose.
· Do not take alcohol.
· Do not drive or operate machine when under medication.
10. Allergic Reaction
Hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat
11. Common Side Effects
Loss coordination, fatigue, drowsiness and muscle weakness.
12. Concerning Side Effects Needing Medical Attention
Slurred speech, slowed breathing, loss of control of body movements and uncontrolled shaking of body parts.
13. Dose Range
2-10mg/day.
14. Types of Administration
Tablet, solution and concentrate taken by mouth. Taken 1 to 4 times with or without food.
15. Pharmacodynamics
Diazepam increase response of the endogenous ligand) of the GABAA receptor complex, binding to a unique site on the alpha-gamma subunit interface. Diazepam interaction with these sites increases neuronal chloride-ion influx upon GABA binding, resulting in hyperpolarized postsynaptic membranes, thus enhancing CNS depression response to endogenous GABA. GABA potentiating actions have calming effects on neuronal processes which results in anxiolytic and antiepileptic effects. Diazepam’s potency, high bioavailability, and fast onset of action all account for its clinical efficacy and commercial success.
16. Half-Life
48 hours.
17. Effects with Poly-Substance Use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, etc.)
Concomitant use with alcohol is not recommended due to enhancement of the sedative effect.
18. Source
https://www.rxlist.com/valium-drug.htm#clinpharm
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682047.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3990949/
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