These questions are based on the concepts covered in this module’s Learn section.
Answer the following questions using your own words.
1.
Whatare some advantages and disadvantages in the use of a posttest-only control group design versus a pretest/posttestcontrol group design? (Mustidentify atleastone advantage and one disadvantage per design – so four total).
ANSWER
2.
What is a confound and how is it related to internal validity?
ANSWER
3.
What is the relationship between external validity and the college sophomore problem?
ANSWER
4.
On the most recent exam in your biology class, every student earned an A. The professor claims that he must really be a good teacher for all of the students to have done so well. Given the confounds discussed this week, what alternative explanation can you offer for this result? (Don’t just list a concern– briefly provide a justification).
ANSWER
5.
A health magazine recently reported a study in which researchers claimed that women who take iron supplements have better problem-solving abilities. Further investigation revealed that they assessed problem-solving abilities in a group of women and then had the women self-report whether or not they take iron supplements. Discuss one potential threat to internal validity as it relates specifically to this study.
ANSWER
Scenario:According to some research, males have better spatial skills than do females; and according to other research, females have better reading skills than males. A student is interested in determining which gender performs better on a word-search puzzle (a puzzle in which words are hidden vertically, horizontally, and diagonally within an array of letters) since this type of puzzle involves both spatial and reading skills. A sample of males and females volunteer to participate and are given
10
minutes to work on a 50-word puzzle. The number of words correctly recognized is recorded for each subject.Use this scenario to answer the following questions.
6)
What is the independent variable? Dependent variable? What is the scale of measurement for each?
ANSWER
7
)
If they reported t (
25
) = 1.
8
0 and it is two-tailed, using the critical value table in your e-book, what is tcv (do NOT round). Also state whether the researcher should REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis.
ANSWER
8)
Briefly describe a conceptual replication of this study. Clearly identify how it meets the definition of a conceptual replication.
ANSWER
Part II: SPSS Application
These questions require the use of SPSS. Remember you must submit all of your work within this word document. You will need to take a screen shot of your data view if necessary, or copy and paste your output into the spaces below. Remember to report the exact p value provided by SPSS output – simply reporting p<.05 or p>.05 is not acceptable (unless SPSS output states p=.000 – in that case you can report p<.001).
Research Scenario: According to some research, males have better spatial skills than do females; and according to other research, females have better reading skills than males. A student is interested in determining which gender performs better on a word-search puzzle (a puzzle in which words are hidden vertically, horizontally, and diagonally within an array of letters) since this type of puzzle involves both spatial and reading skills. A sample of males and females volunteer to participate and are given 10 minutes to work on a 50-word puzzle. The number of words correctly recognized is recorded for each subject, and the resulting data are as follows:
Males
Females
12
15
812
9
11
11
18
10
13
12
14
7
17
Create your SPSS data file to answer the questions below (remember that the IV is your “grouping variable” and will be represented with numbers in SPSS and your DV will be data entered in a second column. Look at the example file from this module’s presentation if you want a visual reminder).
9)
Paste the appropriate SPSS output.
ANSWER
10)
Paste appropriate SPSS graph.
ANSWER
11)
Calculate the r2effect size given the SPSS output as shown in this module’s presentation. Show all of your work. Interpret it as “small”, “medium” or “large”.
ANSWER
12)
Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. Remember to use complete sentences, include the statistical notation, effect size, confidence interval, and include a decision about the null hypothesis. If it is significant, state how by reporting the means and standard deviations.
ANSWER
13)
What is the t obtained from your SPSS output? Using your table in the Appendix of your e-book, determine the critical t value for this study. Clearly identify the t obtained and the t critical values below. Describe how the critical value can be used to determine whether a t obtained value will result in a rejection of the null hypothesis (i.e. that it is significant).
ANSWER
tobt =
tcv =
Part III: Cumulative
These questions can be related to anything covered thus far in the course.
Research Scenario: In this fictitious scenario based on a study by Inzlicht and colleagues (2006), researchers examined whether sensitivitiy to race-based prejudice is related to self-regulation abilities in Black college students. They predicted that highersensitivity to prejudice is related to lowerself-regulation ability. Black university students completed two surveys to measure self-regulation abilities and sensitivity to race-based stigma. Both surveys used Likert-based responses; data is provided below for the 12 students. Create an SPSS file to answer the following questions.
Self-Regulation
Stigma Sensitivity
97
57
67
9725
89
39
40
80
36
75
28
45
78
93
456780
85
43
55
75
90
55
14)
Paste the appropriate SPSS output to analyze whether higher sensitivity to prejudice is related to lower self-regulation ability.
ANSWER
15)
Paste an appropriate SPSS graph.
ANSWER
16)
Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. Remember to use complete sentences, including the statistical notation following the format provided in the presentations.
ANSWER
17)
If the researcher had made a Type II error, what would the researcher conclude and what would be the truth?
ANSWER
18)
If you were to conduct this study, would you fully disclose the rationale to the participants beforehand? Why or why not? Use the APA Code of Ethics to justify your response (must cite at least one principle and/or code).
ANSWER
PSYC 510
HOMEWORK: TWO-GROUP BETWEEN SUBJECTS DESIGN ASSIGNMENT
INSTRUCTIONS
OVERVIEW
This Homework: Two-Group Between Subjects Design Assignment is designed to assess
your understanding of the concepts and applications covered thus far in PSYC 510: Research
Methods and Statistics in Psychology I. Concepts specific to this module include fundamental
considerations for all parametric tests, such as threats to validity, reducing confounding
variables, assumptions for parametric tests. This Homework: Two-Group Between Subjects
Design Assignment also assesses your ability to conduct and interpret the independent samples t
test using professional conventions. Knowledge from this module will serve as a foundation for
future concepts. These topics also strengthen your ability to critically evaluate whether research
is conducted in a reliable and valid manner in professional and non-professional settings.
INSTRUCTIONS
Be sure you have reviewed this module’s Learn section before completing this Homework:
Two-Group Between Subjects Design Assignment. This Homework: Two-Group Between
Subjects Design Assignment is worth 60 points. Each question is worth 3 points. Six points are
awarded for mechanics/structure.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Part I contains general concepts from this module’s Learn section.
Part II requires use of SPSS. You will have to take screen shots and/or copy and paste from
your SPSS to place answers within this file. Make sure you only insert relevant and legible
images.
Part III is the cumulative section. These may include short answer and/or use of SPSS but
will review material from previous module(s).
Directions for each subsection are provided in the top of each table (in the blue shaded
areas).
Answers should be placed where indicated (wherever there is “ANSWER”).
Submit the file as a WORD document (.doc or .docx). Make sure the filename of your
submission includes your full name, course and section.
o Example: HW7_JohnDoe_510B01
Make sure to check the Homework Grading Rubric before beginning this Homework: TwoGroup Between Subjects Design Assignment.
Part I: General Concepts
These questions are based on the concepts covered in this module’s Learn section.
Answer the following questions using your own words.
1.
What are some advantages and disadvantages in the use of a posttest-only control group
design versus a pretest/posttest control group design? (Must identify at least one advantage
and one disadvantage per design – so four total).
Page 1 of 5
PSYC 510
ANSWER
2.
What is a confound and how is it related to internal validity?
ANSWER
3.
What is the relationship between external validity and the college sophomore problem?
ANSWER
4.
On the most recent exam in your biology class, every student earned an A. The professor
claims that he must really be a good teacher for all of the students to have done so well.
Given the confounds discussed this week, what alternative explanation can you offer for this
result? (Don’t just list a concern– briefly provide a justification).
ANSWER
5.
A health magazine recently reported a study in which researchers claimed that women who
take iron supplements have better problem-solving abilities. Further investigation revealed
that they assessed problem-solving abilities in a group of women and then had the women
self-report whether or not they take iron supplements. Discuss one potential threat to
internal validity as it relates specifically to this study.
ANSWER
Scenario: According to some research, males have better spatial skills than do females; and
according to other research, females have better reading skills than males. A student is
interested in determining which gender performs better on a word-search puzzle (a puzzle
in which words are hidden vertically, horizontally, and diagonally within an array of letters)
since this type of puzzle involves both spatial and reading skills. A sample of males and
females volunteer to participate and are given 10 minutes to work on a 50-word puzzle. The
number of words correctly recognized is recorded for each subject. Use this scenario to answer
the following questions.
ANSWER
6)
What is the independent variable?
Dependent variable? What is the scale of
measurement for each?
ANSWER
7)
If they reported t (25) = 1.80 and it is twotailed, using the critical value table in your
e-book, what is tcv (do NOT round). Also
Page 2 of 5
PSYC 510
state whether the researcher should
REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null
hypothesis.
8)
Briefly describe a conceptual replication of
this study. Clearly identify how it meets
the definition of a conceptual replication.
ANSWER
Part II: SPSS Application
These questions require the use of SPSS. Remember you must submit all of your work
within this word document. You will need to take a screen shot of your data view if
necessary, or copy and paste your output into the spaces below. Remember to report the
exact p value provided by SPSS output – simply reporting p.05 is not
acceptable (unless SPSS output states p=.000 – in that case you can report p
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