operational assig 2

 

School of Computer & Information Sciences

ITS-631 Operational Excellence

Chapter 3 – Information Systems for Business
and Beyond (2019)

Learning Objectives
• define the term software;
• identify and describe the two primary categories of

software;
• describe the role ERP software plays in an organization;
• describe cloud computing and its advantages and

disadvantages for use in an organization; and
• define the term open-source and identify its primary

characteristics.

Software
• Two key categories

– Operating (manage the
hardware) and Application
Software (perform specific tasks
like word processing, accounting,
etc..).

• Operating Systems
– boot programs
– Manages PC resources

Application Software
• Used to accomplish specific goals like word processing or calculation.

• Productivity Software

– Word processing, Spreadsheet, Presentation.

Applications for Enterprise
• ERP Software

– SAP, Peoplesoft, etc…
– Implementation can take 2-3 years and several million dollars

• CRM Software
– Manages an organizations customers
– Example: Salesforce

• Supply Chain Management
– Links an organization’s suppliers, manufacturing facilities, and distributors of products.

Mobile Applications and Cloud Computing

• All mobile devices need specific mobile applications
– Smartphones
– Electronic Tablets

• The cloud refers to applications, services, and data storage
located on the Internet.

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
• Understand

– Using a Private Cloud vs. Virtualization

Software Creation
• Various Computer Languages

– C
– C++
– Java
– Visual Basic
– Python
– R
– etc…

• Open-Source Software
– Allows various people to use the source code

References

• Bourgeous, D., Smith, J., Wang. S., Mortati, J.
(2019). Information Systems for Business and
Beyond. Retrieved from
https://opentextbook.site/informationsystem
s2019/.

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School of Computer & Information Sciences

ITS-631- Operational Excellence

Chapter 3 – Information Technology and
Organizational Learning

Introduction

• Technology as a variable and responsive
organizational dynamism

• Focuses on defining the components of technology
and how they affect corporate organizations.

• Answers the questions: how should organizations
adjust to its short and long term impacts.

Technological Dynamism
• Technology should be regarded as a variable, independent of

others, that contributes to the life of a business operation.
• Technology can produce a distinctive effect on an

organization.
• Dynamism is defined as a process or mechanism responsible

for the development of motion of a system.
• Technological dynamism is the unpredictable and

accelerated way in which technology can change strategic
planning and organizational behavior.

Responsive Organizational Dynamism
• The technological dynamism has the power to disrupt any antecedent sense of comfortable

equilibrium of stasis.
• Strategic integration
• Cultural assimilation

Cultural Assimilation

• A process that focuses on organizational aspects of
how technology is internally organized including
the role of the IT department, and how it is
assimilated within the organization as a whole.

• IT Organization Communications with Others

• Movement of Traditional IT Staff

Technology Business Cycle
• To better understand technology dynamism it is necessary to

define the specific steps that occur during its evolution in an
organization:

IT Roles and Responsibilities and Replacement or
Outsource

• Two distinct business operations
• IT need to change accordingly and should be designed within the driver and supporter theory
• Replacement or Outsource

References

• Langer, A. M. (2018). Information Technology
and Organizational Learning. 3rd edition.
Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. ISBN: 978-1-138-
23858-9

School of Computer & Information Sciences

ITS-631 Operational Excellence

Chapter 4 – Information Systems for Business
and Beyond (2019)

Learning Objectives
• Describe the differences between data, information, and

knowledge;
• Describe why database technology must be used for data resource

management;
• Define the term database and identify the steps to creating one;
• Describe the role of a database management system;
• Describe the characteristics of a data warehouse; and
• Define data mining and describe its role in an organization.

Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
• These terms are used interchangeably but are

different.
– Data- raw facts
– Information- processed data
– Knowledge- relationships among facts/concepts
– Explicit –can be expressed into words
– Tacit – difficult to transfer via simple

communication
– Wisdom – combines knowledge and experience

to obtain a deeper understanding of a topic.

Data and Databases
• Big Data

– Large sets of data in which you need to determine the best
methods to manage the data

• Databases
– Place that houses data
– Common defects of data resource management

• No control of redundant data
• Violation of data integrity
• Relying on human memory to store and search needed data

Data Models and Relational Databases
• Databases can be organized in many different ways

– Relational database

Designing a Database
• Tables

– The information to be built

• Primary Key

– The unique identifier to link
data together in the tables

Normalization and Data Types
• Normalization

– Reduces data redundancy
– Ensures data integrity

• Data Types
– Text
– Number
– Boolean
– Date/Time
– Currency
– Paragraph Text
– Object

Database Management Systems
• DBMS provide an interface to view and change the design of the database

• Databases must be used by multiple users to be effective

• Microsoft Access and Open Office Base = examples of personal database-management
systems

• Structured Query Language (SQL)- the method to work with structured databases

Value in Business Intelligence and Knowledge
Management

• Data Visualization
• Data Warehouses
• Data Mining and Machine Learning
• Don’t forget about privacy and security concerns when

dealing with data
• Knowledge Management

– Companies accumulate knowledge and need a method of
extracting the data to make informed decisions.

References

• Bourgeous, D., Smith, J., Wang. S., Mortati, J.
(2019). Information Systems for Business and
Beyond. Retrieved from
https://opentextbook.site/informationsystem
s2019/.

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