Week 4Research Project 1
One-Way Between Groups ANOVA and One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA
This week is dedicated exclusively to engaging in a research project that applies the
various concepts you learned from the previous 3 weeks, as well as some basic statistical
concepts from AVS 6302. The research project is a partial replication of Lindseth et al. (2011)1
who examined, in part, the effects of diet on flight performance of pilots. Diets consisted of highcarbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat, and control. Flight performance was measured in a
simulator and based on deviations from perfect airspeed, altitude, and heading readings for the
entire flight scenario. Lindseth et al. also examined overall flight performance, which they
defined as an aggregate based on the number of errors for altitude, heading, and airspeed (p. 7).
Smaller sums represent fewer errors and hence better performance. With respect to the treatment
conditions, to Lindseth et al. wrote:
Each pilot…received 4 days of prepared meals consisting of high protein (56%
protein, 22% carbohydrate, 22% fat), high carbohydrate (56% carbohydrate, 22%
fat, 22% protein), and high fat (56% fat, 22% carbohydrate, 22% protein). In
addition, each of the pilots served as his or her own control and received a 4-day
control diet (50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein). Food consumption was
controlled for nutrient content and was within 5% of the U.S. recommended daily
allowance (RDA). All meals were prepared under the direction of a registered
dietitian and were served to the study participants by the research team (in the study
dining room…and) 2 full weeks elapsed between treatments. (p. 3)
Fictitious data similar to those collected by Lindseth et al. are provided in two Excel files.
The first file is labeled “Week 4-Research Project 1 Data-Between Groups” and corresponds to
Study 1, which was based on a between-groups approach. The second file is labeled “Week 4Research Project 1 Data-Within Groups” and corresponds to Study 2, which was based on a
within-groups approach. Note that both datasets contain overall flight performance scores and
that both datasets contain exactly the same set of data.”
1Lindseth, G. N., Lindseth, P. D., Jensen, W. C., Petros, T. V., Helland, B. D., & Fossum, D. L. (2011). Dietary
effects on cognition and pilots’ performance. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 21(3), 269–283,
doi:10.180/10508414.2011.582454
1a. What is the overall RQ for the study?
1b. Can the same RQ be used for both studies where one study is based on data collected
between four independent groups and the second study is based on data collected from one
group that was rotated among the four diets? Explain.
2. What research methodology do you think is appropriate for each study? Explain.
3. Because both studies contain exactly the same data, the descriptive statistics for each study
should be exactly the same. Confirm this and then summarize the descriptive statistics for
flight performance scores using the following APA compliant table. (Round to two decimal
places.)
Group / Treatment Condition
N
M
SD
Range (L–H)
4. How many pilots were needed for each study? Explain.
5. Perform an a priori power analysis to determine the minimum sample size needed for each
study and determine if the respective given data set is sufficient relative to this minimum
sample size. (Use a medium effect size, α = .05, and power = .8).
6. Conduct a hypothesis test for each study.
a. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses in symbols and words.
b. Determine the test criteria. Use Table 2.1 from Week 2’s Gallo Supplement for F critical or
Daniel Soper’s F calculator at https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc/calculator.aspx?id=4.
c. Test for the compliance with the corresponding assumptions.
d. Run the analysis and record the results in an ANOVA summary table.
e. Make a decision to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and write a concluding
statement.
f. Conduct any appropriate post-hoc tests and report/interpret the results.
7. Determine and interpret the estimated effect size.
8. Determine and interpret the power of the study.
9. What are some limitations and delimitations of the study?
10. Based on the findings of these studies, what recommendations would you make for practice?
Subject
Control
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
High Carb
294,6
82,2
175,9
260,1
188,4
206,2
123,3
108,6
188
134,6
224,6
176,9
211,3
175,2
193,7
111,4
184,8
344,4
162,1
313,1
86,2
148,9
107,7
169,8
96,6
146,2
176,6
293,6
180,7
181,8
261
194,7
193,8
241,1
145,2
217,6
116,7
117
194,7
158,5
173,9
175,3
251,6
318,2
227,1
274,6
240,7
125,1
214,9
271,4
201,8
182,3
128,1
330,3
240,6
301,6
234,6
254,2
121
345,8
163,6
143,1
274,8
224,4
231
108,2
226,5
270,6
246,7
192,2
295,1
212,3
348
220,1
208
270,2
147,1
209,6
153,2
142,9
292,2
226
204,6
226,6
266,2
329,2
44
45
46
47
48
49
174
309,1
137,2
118,8
162,3
265,9
237,5
228,5
171,2
300,3
211,3
279,4
High Fat
High Protein
131,1
127,9
133,2
185,7
197,4
226,9
103,5
131,1
214,9
173,7
137,2
175,3
157,8
133,2
207,9
214,4
235,9
216,5
151,1
111,1
249,5
112,6
154,1
206,5
176,1
117,9
233,8
119,8
184,7
299,5
317,6
123
71
168,5
221,8
259,8
145,7
224,4
152,9
188,3
272,3
165,7
112,6
188,3
169,5
125,9
182,7
104,5
143,6
221,8
156,2
190,6
195,7
238,2
202,5
338,4
182,6
218,9
343,1
188,4
162,1
176,1
294,7
124,7
185,1
131,6
234,2
124,7
347,8
176,1
195,8
208,6
176,3
143,6
184
178,6
154,4
336,5
141,8
137,9
214,1
169,9
197,8
216,5
222,6
216,5
107,5
159,8
167,6
313,4
214,3
119,3
156,2
313
285,7
197,8
218,2
231,3
Flight Performance
Group
131.1 High-Fat
127.9 High-Fat
133.2 High-Fat
185.7 High-Fat
197.4 High-Fat
226.9 High-Fat
103.5 High-Fat
131.1 High-Fat
214.9 High-Fat
173.7 High-Fat
137.2 High-Fat
175.3 High-Fat
157.8 High-Fat
133.2 High-Fat
207.9 High-Fat
214.4 High-Fat
235.9 High-Fat
216.5 High-Fat
151.1 High-Fat
111.1 High-Fat
249.5 High-Fat
112.6 High-Fat
154.1 High-Fat
206.5 High-Fat
176.1 High-Fat
117.9 High-Fat
233.8 High-Fat
119.8 High-Fat
184.7 High-Fat
299.5 High-Fat
317.6 High-Fat
123 High-Fat
71 High-Fat
168.5 High-Fat
221.8 High-Fat
259.8 High-Fat
145.7 High-Fat
224.4 High-Fat
152.9 High-Fat
188.3 High-Fat
272.3 High-Fat
165.7 High-Fat
112.6 High-Fat
107.5 High-Fat
159.8 High-Fat
167.6 High-Fat
313.4 High-Fat
214.3 High-Fat
119.3 High-Fat
318.2 High-Carb
227.1 High-Carb
274.6 High-Carb
240.7 High-Carb
125.1 High-Carb
214.9 High-Carb
271.4 High-Carb
201.8 High-Carb
182.3 High-Carb
128.1 High-Carb
330.3 High-Carb
240.6 High-Carb
301.6 High-Carb
234.6 High-Carb
254.2 High-Carb
121 High-Carb
345.8 High-Carb
163.6 High-Carb
143.1 High-Carb
274.8 High-Carb
224.4 High-Carb
231 High-Carb
108.2 High-Carb
226.5 High-Carb
270.6 High-Carb
246.7 High-Carb
192.2 High-Carb
295.1 High-Carb
212.3 High-Carb
348 High-Carb
220.1 High-Carb
208 High-Carb
270.2 High-Carb
147.1 High-Carb
209.6 High-Carb
153.2 High-Carb
142.9 High-Carb
292.2 High-Carb
226 High-Carb
204.6 High-Carb
226.6 High-Carb
266.2 High-Carb
329.2 High-Carb
237.5 High-Carb
228.5 High-Carb
171.2 High-Carb
300.3 High-Carb
211.3 High-Carb
279.4 High-Carb
188.3 High-Protein
169.5 High-Protein
125.9 High-Protein
182.7 High-Protein
104.5 High-Protein
143.6 High-Protein
221.8 High-Protein
156.2 High-Protein
190.6 High-Protein
195.7 High-Protein
238.2 High-Protein
202.5 High-Protein
338.4 High-Protein
182.6 High-Protein
218.9 High-Protein
343.1 High-Protein
188.4 High-Protein
162.1 High-Protein
176.1 High-Protein
294.7 High-Protein
124.7 High-Protein
185.1 High-Protein
131.6 High-Protein
234.2 High-Protein
124.7 High-Protein
347.8 High-Protein
176.1 High-Protein
195.8 High-Protein
208.6 High-Protein
176.3 High-Protein
143.6 High-Protein
184 High-Protein
178.6 High-Protein
154.4 High-Protein
336.5 High-Protein
141.8 High-Protein
137.9 High-Protein
214.1 High-Protein
169.9 High-Protein
197.8 High-Protein
216.5 High-Protein
222.6 High-Protein
216.5 High-Protein
156.2 High-Protein
313 High-Protein
285.7 High-Protein
197.8 High-Protein
218.2 High-Protein
231.3 High-Protein
294.6 Control
82.2 Control
175.9 Control
260.1 Control
188.4 Control
206.2 Control
123.3 Control
108.6 Control
188 Control
134.6 Control
224.6 Control
176.9 Control
211.3 Control
175.2 Control
193.7 Control
111.4 Control
184.8 Control
344.4 Control
162.1 Control
313.1 Control
86.2 Control
148.9 Control
107.7 Control
169.8 Control
96.6 Control
146.2 Control
176.6 Control
293.6 Control
180.7 Control
181.8 Control
261 Control
194.7 Control
193.8 Control
241.1 Control
145.2 Control
217.6 Control
116.7 Control
117 Control
194.7 Control
158.5 Control
173.9 Control
175.3 Control
251.6 Control
174 Control
309.1 Control
137.2 Control
118.8 Control
162.3 Control
265.9 Control
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