Power point
For this assessment, you will apply the four ethical principles to your healthcare topic (selected in Assessment 2), explain bias as it relates to your topic, and relate at least one of the Four Spheres of Care. Consider the ethical dilemmas healthcare professionals are faced with in your selected topic. Discuss at least one of the Four Spheres of Care and how it is important to understand the ethics of your topic as it relates to the sphere being discussed. Use the
Capella University Library
to locate at least two academic peer-reviewed journal articles you can use to support your analysis of the situation.
Use the four core principles that healthcare professionals need to know and honor when helping patients:
Select at least one of the Four Spheres of Care and discuss how an understanding of ethics is important as it relates to your chosen Sphere.
2
Applying Research Skill
s
: Antibiotic Resistance
Student: Adenike
A
Capella University
NURS-FPX4000: Developing a Nursing Perspective
Instructor
: Dr.
Brian Martinez
Submission Date 03/04/2025
Applying Research Skill
s
: Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotic resistance is a topical issue that poses a significant threat to public health due to increased antibiotic use and misuse, which has resulted in the development of novel types of infections that are not easy to treat. This issue is significant at the professional level because it impacts the understanding and designing of effective research interventions by practicing healthcare practitioners, policymakers, and evaluators. To address this challenge, knowledge of the principles regarding the use of antibiotics in stewardship and infection control, as well as other forms of treatment, is crucial.
Discussion of Research
I adopted several search approaches to obtain reliable and recent information on preventing antibiotic resistance. Using keywords such as “antibiotic resistance,” “antimicrobial stewardship,” and “infection control,” I searched databases like PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, refining my search to peer-reviewed journal articles published within the last five years. This approach made it possible to obtain the latest information, which was evidence-based and relevant to the practices in the healthcare facilities. To maintain validity when deciding on the articles’ credibility, I preferred research from scholarly publications and recognized institutions and ensured that the articles offered relevant findings. Analysis of their abstracts and methodologies made it possible to select highly relevant sources, including those that dealt with antibiotic stewardship, new therapeutic approaches, and public health measures. This writing process has improved my research and critical thinking skills and increased my knowledge of the best interventions to combat antibiotic resistance. The implication of the findings is in formulating prudent approaches to effective healthcare, policy-making, and research for experts.
Annotated Bibliography
This paper aims to assess the efficiency of ASP, emphasizing the reduction of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in Colombia’s healthcare centers. The authors analyzed data from 55 hospitals nationwide to investigate the effects of ASPs on prescribing and resistance. Research evidence points to the usefulness of ASPs in increasing the appropriate use of antibiotics and decreasing resistance, supporting their positioning as strategic approaches to containing infections and protecting the population’s health. The research of this approach also looks at issues such as the aptness of the resource allocation methods applied in establishing ASPs, methods adopted in staff training towards developing ASPs, and organizational policies towards ASPs, among others. The findings about the problem and its effect also imply the need for further development and implementation of practical steps to guarantee the success of ASPs in various healthcare contexts.
This article provides information on newly developed approaches in AMR control: new antibiotics, bacteriophage therapy, and antimicrobial peptides. The authors describe the pros and cons of conventional antibiotics and mention some new strategies that may reduce the development of resistance. It stresses that new approaches should be pursued and new money should be invested in researching different remedies so that the circulation of these drug-resistant bacterial infections is contained. Moreover, the article also describes the issues related to the alternative approaches, including the possibility of regulatory restrictions, high costs of production, and side effects. Supporting this point, the study emphasizes the need to add new therapies as part of a more comprehensive approach to antibiotic stewardship programs.
This article focused on the problem of antibiotic resistance in the global setting and the need to step up interventions. This paper discusses programs, check-pointing, and proofs against disease spreading, practices aimed at reducing the spreading of infections, and proper utilization of antibiotics, among others. The study also highlighted the necessity of a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach to combat resistance, enhanced policies, and more funding for further initiatives. Furthermore, the authors explain how different countries’ healthcare systems contribute to the overall problem, stating that lower-income countries experience enhanced difficulties in applying resistance prevention measures. Therefore, it is essential to establish global collaboration on this important matter that affects the well-being of people worldwide.
Summary
Generating this annotated bibliography improved my knowledge of research skills by reiterating how to assess the credibility of sources, fine-tune searches, and critique the relevance of the results obtained. The chosen articles generally paint a balanced picture of antimicrobial stewardship, new therapies, and public health measures and can become the foundation for further studies and evaluations of antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, it was not very effective at promoting critical thinking in the context of source evaluation. At the same time, it benefitted the overall research quality by training a systematic source selection method. In addition, it will enhance the practical experience that informs evidence-based practice in health management to fight antibiotic resistance work and interventions.
References
Lessa, F. C., & Sievert, D. M. (2023). Antibiotic Resistance: A Global Problem and the Need to Do More. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 77(Suppl 1), S1–S3.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciad226
Murugaiyan, J., Kumar, P. A., Rao, G. S., Iskandar, K., Hawser, S., Hays, J. P., Mohsen, Y., Adukkadukkam, S., Awuah, W. A., Jose, R. A. M., Sylvia, N., Nansubuga, E. P., Tilocca, B., Roncada, P., Roson-Calero, N., Moreno-Morales, J., Amin, R., Kumar, B. K., Kumar, A., Toufik, A. R., … van Dongen, M. B. M. (2022). Progress in Alternative Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: Focus on Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 11(2), 200.
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020200
Pallares, C., Hernández-Gómez, C., Appel, T. M., Escandón, K., Reyes, S., Salcedo, S., … & Villegas, M. V. (2022). Impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs on antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance in four Colombian healthcare institutions. BMC infectious diseases, 22(1), 420.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07410-6
Your name
NURS-FPX4000 Developing a Nursing Perspective
Your Professor’s Name
Date Submitted
Healthcare Disparities for
Low Socio-Economic
Status (SES) Individuals
• Individuals with low socio-economic status
(SES) often face barriers to accessing high-
quality healthcare services (Dableh et al., 2023).
• Financial constraints may limit their ability to
afford health insurance, preventive screenings,
and timely medical treatments.
• Unequal access to services can result in delayed
diagnoses and poorer health outcomes.
Why Address Healthcare Disparities?
• Promotes Health Equity
• Ethical Responsibility
• Improving Patient Outcomes
• Enhancing Trust
• May have fewer healthcare choices, limiting their autonomy in selecting the
most suitable healthcare providers.
• Autonomy in making healthcare decisions is compromised as they may
need to prioritize financial needs over receiving healthcare (Job et al., 2022).
• Limited access to information can impact their autonomy as they are not
informed with the ability to make decisions about their healthcare.
• Economic constraints may lead to delayed
or insufficient medical interventions,
compromising the principle of beneficence.
• Low SES can result in unequal access to
high-quality healthcare services.
• Healthcare disparities may contribute to
poorer health outcomes for individuals with
low SES (Smith & Johnson, 2021).
Nonmaleficence &
Justice
Nonmaleficence
• Individuals with low SES face
challenges in accessing timely and
appropriate medical care (Smith &
Johnson, 2021).
• Individuals with low SES may have
increased exposures to healthcare
risks.
Justice
• Justice demands equal access to
healthcare resources, which is often
lacking for those with limited economic
means.
• Communities should be involved in
making decisions to help ensure that
healthcare services are responsive to
the needs of low SES individuals
promoting justice (Jones et al., 2022).
• Bias may contribute to disparities in diagnosis and treatment, challenging
the ethical principles of fairness and justice.
• Recognition of and addressing implicit bias is essential to ensure fair and
equitable healthcare for individuals with low socio-economic status (Jones
et al., 2022).
• Healthcare professionals should engage in continuous education to
understand and address bias, promoting ethical care for all individuals.
Remember to add images when you can!
• Healthcare Disparities pertains to the
sphere of Chronic Disease Care because:
• Prevalence in marginalized
communities
• Access to Care
• Social Determinants of Health
• Unconscious Bias (Benvanedez et al.,
2024).
• Communities should be involved in making
decisions to help ensure that healthcare
services are responsive to the needs of low
SES individuals promoting justice (Jones et
al., 2022).
Ethics in Chronic Disease
Management and Low SES
• Ethics in chronic disease management involves a holistic approach that
considers the socio-economic context of individuals.
• Ethical considerations emphasize the importance of ensuring that
individuals with low socio-economic status have equitable access to
resources for chronic disease management.
• Ethical chronic disease management involves empowering communities to
actively participate in their healthcare, reducing disparities and promoting
overall well-being.
• Addressing healthcare disparities for individuals with low socio-economic
status is important as it:
• Promotes health equity.
• Respects individual autonomy and dignity.
• Helps transform the healthcare system to be more inclusive.
Benavidez, G.A., Zahnd, W.E., Hung, P., & Eberth, J. (2024). Chronic disease prevalence in the U.S.
Sociodemographic and geographic variations. Prev. Chronic Disease 21:230267. doi
http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd21.230267
Dableh, S., Frazer, K., Stokes, D., & Kroll, T. (2024). Access of older people to primary health care in low and
middle-income countries: A systematic scoping review. PloS One, 19(4), e0298973. https://doi.org/10.1371/
journal.pone.0298973
Job, C., Adenipekun, B., Cleves, A., & Samuriwo, R. (2022). Health professional’s implicit bias of adult
patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) and its effects on clinical decision-making: A scoping review
protocol. BMJ Open, 12(12), e059837-e059837. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059837
Jones, M., King, O., Shaw, N. (2022). Access to primary care services for low SES individuals:A
systematic Review. Journal of Health Equity, 8(2), 112-125.
Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2021). Bridging the Gap: Nursing interventions for low SESpopulations.
Journal of Nursing Research, 25(3), 45-58.
Autonomy
Beneficence
Bias and Low SES
Four Spheres of Care
Conclusion
References
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