Build PCB Assembly Model 5-2 as it is described in the “PCB AssemblyModels: Models 5.1 and 5.2” slides. Run your model for 600 days for 50replications with a warm-up period of 100 days. Create necessaryresponse variables in your experiment and report for “Time In System”(Average time boards spent in the system), “WIP” (Work-In-Progress)(Average number of boards being processed in the system at a giventime), NumTimes (On average how many times are boards processed at theplacement station.)
Submit:
1. The Simio model file, with the described experiment;
2.A screenshot/pdf of the PivotGrid results for a run of 600 days anddiscuss your results regarding the mentioned response variables. Intermediate Modeling
Material from Chapter 5 of Simio and Simulation:
Modeling, Analysis, Applications
What is an Object?
• An object is a self-contained modeling construct that
defines that construct’s characteristics, data,
behavior, user interface, and animation.
• Objects are the most common constructs used to
build models.
• An object has its own custom behavior that responds
to events in the system as defined by its internal
model.
• Object behavior may be modified and extended
using process logic.
2
Three Tiers of Simio Object Hierarchy
• An Object Definition defines how an object looks,
behaves, and interacts with other objects.
– Consists of its properties, states, events, external view,
and logic.
• An Object Instance is created when you drag (or
instantiate) an object into your model.
– Includes the property values and may define one or more
symbols
– Refers back to the object definition for all the other
aspects of the object.
• An Object Runspace holds the current value of an
object’s states.
– Created when you start a run, and in some cases can be
dynamically created and destroyed during a run.
3
Three Tiers of Simio Object Hierarchy
4
Simio Object Terminology
• A Model is another name to describe an Object
Definition. When you’re building a model of your
system or subsystem, you’re building an object, and
vice-versa.
• A Project is a collection of Object Definitions (or
Models). Most often the objects in a project are
related by being designed to work together or to
work hierarchically.
– The file extension SPFX stands for Simio Project File.
• A Library is a collection of Object Definitions, or in
fact, just another name for a Project. Any Project file
can be loaded as a Library using the Load Library
button on the Project Home ribbon.
5
Anatomy of an Object
External View
Graphical
representation for
the object.
Attached queues
animate queue
states.
Associated nodes
provide entry/exit to
the object.
Properties
Object
Picture
Static inputs
to the model
logic.
States/Events
Logic
Object behavior is
defined by a model
built using processes
and/or objects.
Object
Object
Object
Interface
Dynamic values
that change
during the run.
Object Characteristics
• Properties are input values that can be specified
when you place (or instantiate) an object into your
model.
• States are dynamic values that may change as the
model executes.
• Events are notifications that the object may fire at
selected times to communicate with other objects.
• The External View of an object is the 2D/3D
graphical representation of the object.
• An object’s Logic defines how the object responds to
specific events that may occur.
7
Properties
• Properties can be of many different types including:
– Standard – Integer, Real, Expression, Boolean, …
– Element – Material, Statistics
– Object – Generic or specific object reference
– Repeat Group – A repeating set of any of the above
• Properties cannot change definition during a run.
• An expression property can contain random variables
and dynamic states. Although the property definition
is “static” it may return a different value each time it
is evaluated.
8
States
• States can be one of several types including:
– Discrete – Value changes only when assigned, types Real,
Integer, Boolean, DateTime, List, or String.
– Level – May change continuously over time based on the
value of a rate of change. The rate may change discretely.
– Level with Acceleration – May change continuously over
time based on the value of a rate of change and
acceleration. The rate and acceleration may change
discretely.
• States can change value during a run.
• States can be scalars or arrays (10 dimensions).
9
Properties vs States
• States and Properties of an Entity object are sometimes
referred to as Attributes of that entity.
• A Property is static and cannot change during a run (even
though the value it returns may change). Examples could
include:
– Processing time, Expected failure rate, Initial speed,
Desired batch size, Cost per hour
• States are dynamic and can change during the run.
Examples could include:
– Processing count, Number of failures, Current Speed,
Batch Size, Accrued Cost
• A State on a Model Definition is often thought of as a
global variable.
10
Simio “dot” Notation
• Simio uses a “dot” notation for addressing an object’s data
such as it’s properties and states.
• The general form is “xxx.yyy” where yyy is a component of
xxx.
• Server1.Capacity.Allocated.Average provides the average
allocated capacity for Server1.
11
Editing Object Properties
• Displayed in Properties Window
• Defined by object builder
• Integers, Booleans, rules, expressions, …
• Expression editor (down arrow at right):
“Top 10” Expressions
• X (a number – integer or real)
• Random.Exponential(mean)
• Random.Triangular(min, mode, max)
• Random.Uniform(min, max)
• ServerName.Capacity.ScheduledUtilization
• ServerName.InputBuffer.Contents
• DefaultEntity.Population.TimeInSystem.Average
• DefaultEntity.Population.NumberInSystem.Average
• SinkName.InputBuffer.NumberEntered
• SinkName.TimeInSystem.Average
Tokens
• A Token is a delegate of an object that executes
the steps in a process.
• A token may also carry its own properties and
states.
• A token carries a reference to both its parent
object and its associated object
– The parent object is an instance of the object in which
the process is defined.
– The associated object is the related object (separate
from the parent object) that triggered this process to
execute.
14
Entities
• Entities are the physical things like parts and people
that move around in a system.
• Part of an object model and can have their own
intelligent behavior. They can make decisions, reject
requests, decide to take a rest, etc.
• Entities have object definitions just like the other
objects in the model.
• Entity Runspaces can be dynamically created and
destroyed, move across a network of links and
nodes, move through 3D space, and move into and
out of fixed objects.
15
Processes
• A process is a set of actions that take place over time
that may change the state of the system.
• In Simio a process is defined as a flowchart using steps
that are executed by tokens and may change the state of
one or more elements.
Steps perform actions such as:
– Delay by a specified time.
– Seize or release an object.
– Wait for an event to occur.
– Decide based on a probability or condition.
– Transfer an entity into a station.
Process Applications
• Processes can be used to build model logic.
Models can be built entirely with objects or
processes, or with a combination of both.
• Objects provide rapid modeling, processes
provide flexibility.
• The Standard Library objects are all built using
processes.
• Processes can be used to insert special logic into
the Standard Library objects on an instance by
instance basis.
Process Types
• A standard process is a Simio-defined process that is
automatically executed by the Simio engine. For
example the OnInitialized process is executed by
Simio for each object on initialization.
– A decision process is a standard process used by the
engine to ask the object to return a True/False decision
(e.g. will you pick me up?).
– Decision processes cannot have time delays.
• An add-on process is incorporated into an object to
allow the user of that object to insert special logic.
• An event-triggered process is user-defined process
that is triggered by an event that fires within the
model (e.g. Input.Entered).
Add-On Processes
• Add functionality to an
object without changing the
object.
• Look to description to
determine best trigger
point.
• Processes “live” in parent
model
Process Summary
• Steps (executed by tokens)
– Properties
• Elements (referenced by
steps)
– Properties
– States
– Events
• Tokens
– Properties
– States
Objects as Resources
• Objects have a resource capacity that can be fixed or
follow a schedule.
• Any object may seize capacity of another object and
use it as a “resource”.
• Objects maintain a ranked queue of other objects
that are waiting to seize capacity.
• When an object is released it is reallocated by either
selecting the first in the allocation queue, or
dynamically selecting from all waiting objects.
• Have automatic capacity statistics.
• Intelligently interact with the objects attempting to
seize it.
Resource States
22
Model 5-1: PCB Assembly
Queueing Analysis
• Placement Utilization = 10/15 = .667
• Inspection Utilization = 10/20 = .500
• System is stable
23
Model 5-1: PCB Assembly
Simio Model
• Arrivals Exponential(6)
• Placement processing Triangular(3,4,5)
• Inspection processing Uniform(2,4)
24
Model 5-2: PCB Assembly – Rework
• Add Rework, Worker Schedules, and Machine
Failures
• Collect statistics on Times Processed through
Placement
25
Model 5-2: PCB Assembly – Schedules
• Add Inspection Schedule
– Three 8-hour shifts each with a 1 hour lunch break
• Add Rework Schedule
– One 8-hour shift (4p-1a) with a 1 hour lunch break
26
Model 5-2: PCB Assembly – Failures
27
Model 5-2: PCB Assembly – Failures
28
PCB Assembly Models
Chapter 5: Intermediate Modeling with Simio
Model 5-1: PCB Assembly
Printed-Circuit Boards (PCB) Assembly
Defining Expectations Using Queueing Theory
for Model Verification
Model Verification
Model 5-1: Simio Facilities View
Inspection Output Node Routing Logic
Defining Link Weights
Create a response variable
for Time In System
Create a Response Variable for
Average Number In System (We
named it Work In Progress (WIP)
in this screenshot)
Verification with Exponential Processing Times
Model 5-1 Initial Results
SMORE Plot of the Response Variables
Model 5-2: Enhanced PCB
Assembly
Model 5-2: Enhanced PCB Assembly
Model 5-2: Enhanced PCB Assembly
Model 5-2: Simio Layout
User-Defined Statistics
State Assignment in Placement Object
State Assignment Property of ModelEntity
Add-on Process for counting Good
Parts entering the GoodParts Sink.
Inspection & Rework Resource Schedules
Creating Work Schedules & Day Patterns
Work Schedules
and Day Patterns
Simio Server Failures
Resource State Failed Time in Pivot Grid
Starved Time/State
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