20 facts about pulmonary vascular disease for a poster board including pictures with details
Presentation on Pulmonary Vasculature
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Course
Date
Introduction: Pulmonary Vasculature
• Pulmonary Vasculature refers to the blood vessel network
connecting the lungs and the heart.
• The network transports oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
• This system well designed to work under changes in
characteristics of the blood is transports.
• Nonetheless, various infirmities may impair this system’s
correct functioning.
Anatomic Alterations of the Lungs
• Anatomic alterations of the lungs may lead to infirmities related
with the respiratory system.
• Blood clots are among agents for anatomic alterations of the
lungs.
• Thrombus are blood clots that form in the veins.
• When a thrombus detaches and flows to other body organs, it’s
called an embolism.
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
• Pulmonary embolism is a form of venous thromboembolic diseases.
• It can be caused by a diverse number of inherited or acquired risk factors.
• Causes can be:
• A deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
• Air bubbles.
• Fat embolus
• Tumors
• Amniotic fluid
• Small masses of infectious material.
Cardiopulmonary Manifestations of PE
• Cardiopulmonary manifestations associated with PE vary.
• Majorly, common symptoms may include:
• Sharp and sudden chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Blood-streaked sputum in cough.
• Fainting or feeling dizzy.
• Leg pain and swelling.
Diagnosis and Screening of PE
• General management of PE involve the diagnosis and screening.
• Diagnosis begins by identifying manifestations as shown earlier.
• This is followed by a variety of tests and screening exercises.
• Decisions are then made on the clinical probability through a scoring
system.
• These steps aid in the confirming the suspected occurrence of a PE.
Pulmonary Hypertension (PH)
• This condition impairs arteries in the lungs and the heart’s right side.
• It is a form of high blood pressure whereby the pressure in the blood
vessels to the lungs is extremely high.
• Narrowed blood vessels in the lungs restrict blood from flowing well.
• The heart is forced to work harder to pump blood, this can damage the
heart and cause pulmonary hypertension.
Clinical Classifications of Pulmonary
Hypertension
• There are five distinct classification of pulmonary hypertension.
• They include:
• Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).
• PH due to left-sided heart disease.
• PH due to chronic lung disease
• Chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH).
• PH with an unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms.
Diagnosis for Pulmonary Hypertension
• Diagnosis for pulmonary hypertension begins with a medical history and
physical exam.
• These seek to highlight the risk factors one may have.
• After a physical exam, diagnostic tests are used to confirm diagnosis of
PH.
• Common diagnostic tests are cardiac catheterization and
echocardiography.
Pulmonary Hypertension Severity Rating
• PH severity rating assessment is based on mean pulmonary artery pressure
(mPAP).
• This rating can be categorized as mild, moderate and severe depending on
a mean value.
• For instance, 25-40mmHg is a mild mPAP value while 41-55mmHg is a
moderate value.
Left-sided Heart Failure
• There are two types of left-sided heart failure; systolic and diastolic failure.
• Diastolic failure is concerned with the left ventricle not relaxing properly.
• Systolic failure is concerned with the left ventricle not contracting normally.
• Left-sided heart failure highly common compared to the right-sided one.
• Symptoms include:
• Trouble breathing
• Shortness of breath
Right-sided Heart Failure
• This involves the heart’s right ventricle lack of pumping power.
• This may lead to blood backing up into the veins.
• Such backing up of blood may cause fluid retention and swelling.
• Common sing include:
• Chest discomfort and shortness of breath.
• Fluid retention is one the hallmark symptoms.
Respiratory Therapist
• This is a healthcare practitioner trained in pulmonary medicine.
• Their work is evaluating, monitoring and treating health issues associated
with breathing and the lungs.
• These therapists help manage breathing conditions in varying healthcare
settings.
Treatments for Acute Pulmonary
Embolism
• Acute PE can be treated using medicine, surgery or ongoing care.
• Treatment is mainly aimed at preventing formation of new clots.
• Treatment is also aimed at preventing small thrombi from getting bigger.
• Medicine to treat PE include blood thinners and clot dissolvers.
• Surgical procedures include clot removal and vein filter.
Treatment for Acute Pulmonary
Hypertension
• Treating pulmonary hypertension will depend on the classification of PH.
• Individuals with PAH are majorly treated using various targeted therapies
starting with heart catheterization.
• Patients with PH due to left heart disease require their comorbid
conditions optimized.
• Those with PH due to lung disease should focus on managing underlying
lung disease.
Treatment for Acute Pulmonary
Hypertension
• Curative therapy for patients with CTEPH begin with a pulmonary
endarterectomy.
• Whereas, little has been explored about many etiologies in multifactorial
PH.
• Other general therapy considerations exist. They include:
• Immunization
• Contraception
• Mental health and patient education
Conclusion
• In conclusion, pulmonary vasculature refers to a network of blood vessels
connecting the heart and lungs.
• Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction and pulmonary hypertension
are among infirmities that may affect the pulmonary vasculature.
• Various diagnostic test and screening can be used to diagnose pulmonary
infirmities.
• Once an infirmity is confirmed, treatment is recommended with respect to
the particular disease identified.
References
American Thoracic Society. (2018). Pulmonary Embolism.
https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/pulmonaryembolism.pdf
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Pulmonary Hypertension.
https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/pulmonary_hypertension.htm
Dunlap, B. & Weyer, G. (2016). Pulmonary Hypertension: Diagnosis and
Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2016:94(6):463-469.
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2016/0915/p463.html#afp20160915p463-b14
References
Fogoros, R. N. (2021). Causes and Risk Factors of Pulmonary Embolism.
Verywell health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/causes-and-risk-factors-ofpulmonary-embolus-4163817#citation-2
Sysol, J. R. & Machado, R. F. (2018). Classificatio and Pathophysiology of
Pulmonary Hypertension. Wiley Online Library.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cce2.71
References
Turetz, M., Sideris, A. T., Friedman, O. A., Triphathi, N., & Horowitz, J. M.
(2018). Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Natural History of Pulmonary
Embolism. Seminars in interventional radiology, 35(2), 92–98.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642036
Yetman, D. (2021). What are the Differences Between Left- vs. Right-Sided
heart Failure. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/heartfailure/left-vs-right-sided-heart-failure
Essay Writing Service Features
Our Experience
No matter how complex your assignment is, we can find the right professional for your specific task. Achiever Papers is an essay writing company that hires only the smartest minds to help you with your projects. Our expertise allows us to provide students with high-quality academic writing, editing & proofreading services.
Free Features
Free revision policy
$10Free bibliography & reference
$8Free title page
$8Free formatting
$8How Our Dissertation Writing Service Works
First, you will need to complete an order form. It's not difficult but, if anything is unclear, you may always chat with us so that we can guide you through it. On the order form, you will need to include some basic information concerning your order: subject, topic, number of pages, etc. We also encourage our clients to upload any relevant information or sources that will help.
Complete the order form
Once we have all the information and instructions that we need, we select the most suitable writer for your assignment. While everything seems to be clear, the writer, who has complete knowledge of the subject, may need clarification from you. It is at that point that you would receive a call or email from us.
Writer’s assignment
As soon as the writer has finished, it will be delivered both to the website and to your email address so that you will not miss it. If your deadline is close at hand, we will place a call to you to make sure that you receive the paper on time.
Completing the order and download