Hello all! In this discussion forum, we will be looking at logical fallacies. These are all around us and we often overlook them! Before you complete the assignments for this unit, be sure to read through the outcomes and supplementary materials provided! You will especially want to pay special attention to the Critical Thinking PowerPoint. We will be looking at how the writers and creators of advertising use logical fallacies in their work.
Initial Post
After viewing the
Critical Thinking Fundamentals PowerPoint.pptx
Open this document with ReadSpeaker docReader
Critical Thinking Fundamentals PowerPoint.pptx
Open this document with ReadSpeaker docReader do some internet research and locate an advertisement that uses one of the two logical fallacies explained in the PowerPoint. You can use a print advertisement or a television, radio, or internet commercial.
Your initial response should have your informed input and should be at least 100 words. Your input should be in your own words, demonstrating your understanding and comprehension of the topic. When referring to the Critical Thinking PowerPoint, remember to include an in-text citation and reference in APA 7th-edition format. See examples below.
Response Posts
Then, return to the discussion assignment on a second and third day to respond to your peers’ posts. Your responses should be substantive and generate discussion to further explore the topic(s). You can respond to your instructor or your classmates’ posts for credit. Each response post should be at least 75 words each, and you should respond to two of your peers
Unit Discussion Requirements
As part of your learning experience, active participation in discussions is essential. An important part of the final grade will be based on your participation. You will be evaluated on the quality and quantity of your participation in the discussion forum that corresponds to the grading rubric.
The initial post and responses should be in your own words and demonstrate critical thinking, analysis, and expected level of knowledge. Initial posts and replies should be in complete sentences and in paragraph form. You should not have bullet points as they are not in complete sentences or paragraph form. Copy-pasting may result in a zero.
To fully address the chosen prompt, you will refer to the topical outline of the course syllabus that corresponds with the prompt you select. This will help guide you in demonstrating your understanding of the content while providing a thorough and detailed discussion post. Each prompt or response to a prompt should be more than a few sentences to demonstrate critical thinking. Initial posts must include a minimum of one APA 7th edition style in-text citations and full matching references of appropriate reading to support your responses.
To meet the minimum participation requirements, you will post relevant content 3 different days during the week. The first post is due by day four of the week by 11:59PM, Eastern Time. Once you make the initial post, you will see other people’s posts. You will post replies on at least two additional days by day seven of the week by 11:59PM, Eastern Time.
Reference
& Citation Examples:
Reference
Waltz, R. (2022). Critical thinking fundamentals [PowerPoint slides]. Galen College of Nursing.
https://classroom.galencollege.edu/courses/3366901/files/219116315?wrap=1
Parenthetical citation: (Waltz, 2022)
Narrative citation: Waltz (2022) presents an overview of critical thinking.
GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING
Critical Thinking
Fundamentals
Russell W. Waltz, Ph.D.
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Not critical as in judging severely to find fault
Critical as in careful, exact evaluation and judgment
Critical thinking refers to a set of skills relating to the recognition, analysis, evaluation, and construction of arguments
What is Critical Thinking?
Critical Thinking at the Galen College of Nursing
Learners will demonstrate the ability to draw conclusions based on evidence and consider prior knowledge, context, and perspectives in predicting implication or consequences
How is Critical Thinking useful?
Critical thinking skills are necessary for
success in college
success in the workplace
success in the marketplace
living an examined life
What is an argument?
An argument is a set of claims; one of which is supported by the others.
A conclusion is a claim that the arguer is trying to prove.
A premise is a claim providing support for a conclusion.
A claim is a statement that has truth-value.
It is snowing.
Today is Saturday.
Alaska is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea.
Identifying Claims
Identifying Claims
Not all sentences are claims.
Where is Alaska located?
Please take me to Alaska.
Let’s go to Alaska.
Yea, Alaska!
How do I know which sentences are claims?
Hint! Test using “it is true that…”
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Inference Indicators
Inference indicators are words and phrases signaling the presence of a premise and/or a conclusion.
Inference Indicators
Conclusion Indicators
therefore…
thus…
consequently…
so…
hence…
accordingly…
Premise Indicators
because…
since…
for…
given…
as…
follows from…
Types of Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
The arguer attempts to demonstrate that the truth of the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises.
Inductive Reasoning
The arguer attempts to demonstrate that the truth of the conclusion probably follows from the premises.
Implicit biases often make thinking critically difficult because they are:
Beyond typical awareness
Activated involuntarily
Unintentional
Since implicit biases cannot be detected through introspection, they are difficult to eradicate, yet are able to direct our thinking quite drastically.
Implicit Bias
Implicit Biases
Outgroup Homogeneity Bias
Perceiving identicality of members of a group while perceiving exaggerated differences between members of different groups
Confirmation Bias
Perceiving higher salience of evidence that is consistent with one’s held beliefs than warranted
Logical Fallacies
A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that tends to persuade us even though it involves faulty reasoning
Circular Reasoning
Providing a claim as evidence for another claim and then also providing that second claim as evidence for the first claim
Parent: Go to bed!
Child: Why?
Parent: Because it’s bedtime.
Child: Why?
Parent: Because I said so.
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The Bandwagon Fallacy
Assuming that something is true just because many people believe it to be true
Developing Critical Thinking Skills
Understand the concepts
Practice! Practice! Practice!
Apply the skills
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PURE CALLING
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PURE EXCELLENCE
PURE DEDICATION
PURE CALLING
PURE COMPASSION
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